Development Of Emotional Resilience

Advancement Of Emotional Resilience What is enthusiastic flexibility and how does this create? What may the results be for somebody who has this procedure upset? Passionate strength is anything but a unitary idea of the self yet essential to the multi-faceted, more extensive procedure of mental versatility; holding homeostatic mental security in an endlessly moving, socially developed world. Versatility creates through experiential development; a unique procedure of adjustment and obstruction in the undertaking to keep up social personality inside explicit genetic and versatile societies. This reaction recommends that feeling is the center of an exemplified singular versatility inside social settings; accordingly to look for calculated comprehension, thought must be made of organic, conduct and phenomenological effects on the mental state. Experimental proof recommends that the layouts of passionate flexibility are framed from the primary day of another life (even in uteri) and create inside the connections of familial and foundational structures, encountering both positive and antagonistic natural elements. This concise knowledge will offer the peruser some comprehension of the particular idea of feeling in our Western world. It will prompt spotlight on the pivotal factor of human connections as they model individual mental turn of events, and it will turn out to be certain that enthusiastic flexibility is a piece of an improvement union (Cairns 1979) acclimatized into mental, social and psychological speculations that collectively exhibit the passionate scope of culture. At the point when this amalgamation is upset or damaged, the ideas of dread or uneasiness are experienced and start a natural defensive molding that if persistent, can get showed as negative mental conditions and maladaptive conduct. In looking for remedial adequacy, feelings may in this manner be investigated comparable to singular needs. The unpredictability of the social-mind-body osmosis presents an entrancing test for reparative treatment; investigate prompting an innovation of thought and starting ace dynamic use of precaution gauges through dif fering social projects. What are feelings? From early philosophical thought to date, feeling has been seen as an obstruction with discernment; a reverberation of pre-intelligent articulation. Darwin (1872)â [1]â introduced the idea of feeling in The demeanor of the Emotions in Man and Animals as he characterized explicit feelings discovering appearance through facial development and unmistakable conduct. William James (1884)â [2]â extended this point of view in an article in Mind as he proposed this because of an earlier, enthusiastic neural sign; the sentiment of physiological change Is the feeling. James Lange (1890)â [3]â developed this speculation further characterizing the principal foundational hypothesis of feeling, proposing three phases of passionate elicitation and physiological reaction: an introduced enthusiastic boost excitement in the autonomic sensory system physiological criticism prompting experience of a feeling In antagonistic furthest point, we may recognize this as the premise of the battle or flight pressure reaction, anyway this idea was stretched out by the Cannon-Bard Theory (1929)â [4]â as it explicitly distinguished the nerve center of the cerebrum to be the organ that enacted physiological changes. While the James-Lang Theory contended that human experience of feeling relied upon going before substantial changes, the Cannon-Bard Theory guaranteed that enthusiastic encounters and real changes are free. Early idea along these lines comprehended versatility to be inserted in neurological physiological states. These proposition held verifiable social intellectual legitimacy, anyway there was no clearness of how an enthusiastic circumstance really initiated the thalamus, for example how did the subjective framework identify that an improvement was undermining or harmless? The inquiry remained: do people experience feeling dependent on their real observation, or are there explicit pass ionate neural examples which react to natural occasions that bring about physiological and instinctive articulations? Maybe the support of research was Schachter (1922 - 1977)â [5]â as he recommended that solitary a general phase of instinctive excitement was important for the experience of feeling and the individual would introduce the involvement with the language of comprehension, for example thought, past encounters, natural references. Verifiable observer offered ascend to Schachters James hypotheses taken in understanding; as instinctive excitement being fundamental for enthusiastic experience however the sign of the feeling reliant on the intellectual, perceptual assessments of outer condition. To associate our creature nature with the world in which it is embeddedemotions react quickly to reality of things. They are the most alarm type of consideration. Nauseate gets some distance from rot, dread cautions of risk, want perceives excellence and pity reacts to require. Hillman (1972) The psycho-organic and social points of view are along these lines certain to the idea of enthusiastic strength inside experiential procedures. Drever (1964) expressed that feeling is a mind boggling condition of the life form, including in essence changes of boundless character in breathing, beat, organ emission and so on. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦and on the psychological side, a condition of energy or bother, set apart by a solid inclination, and normally a drive towards a positive type of conduct. Naturally associated the neurological and physiological frameworks make social reactions, inspiring sentiments and considerations consequently showing as scholarly conduct and leaving a buildup of experience. Drevers investigation insinuates trans-hypothetical segments which could at first be thought to be in relevant concordance; psychological, physiological, experiential, expressive and social. These suspicions are vital to the examination of Schachter Singer (1962) and their psychological namin g theoryâ [6]â ; two elements proposed as basic for passionate experience: high physiological excitement (neuro-mental) enthusiastic understanding or name of the excitement, for example dread, joy, outrage, (communicated through socially formed language). Scrutinize could hold these suppositions as oversimplified while considering Craske Craigs (1984) investigation of performing piano players, which regularly found an absence of concordance of parts during unfriendly circumstances. While stress estimations of an individual part corresponded fundamentally, trans-segment estimations reflected little concordance, intensifying the multifaceted nature of feeling and its advancement of strength. Why hence can an individual have all the earmarks of being restless or irate when one segment of feeling is thought of, yet not when an alternate one is evaluated? In the event that the parts were in connection with one another, a solitary estimation would just be important to comprehend a people enthusiastic state. This watched absence of connection underpins thought of integrative hypothetical points of view, as people have exceptional fundamental establishments and neurological handling modalities. In the event that as so far hypothetically proposed, the inception of a feeling is an inalienably natural and hereditarily pre-decided response to a boost; if the improvement is antagonistic, to what extent can negative mental effect be continued without hurt? Ideas of feelings and versatility are in this way implanted in a dynamic and intuitive procedure of natural collaboration and socialization, prompting a phenomenological thought of understanding. Phenomenological thought uncovers a decent variety of passionate states recognized at an experiential level. Mauss (1872 - 1950)â [7]â and Mead (1901 - 1978)â [8]â proposed individual personalities to be infiltrated by social and social practices; inner portrayals making a powerful perspective on oneself. As we consider the socio-natural/subjective recommendations, it appears feelings are a people marker of their human state in the public arena and pivotal to the protection of oneself; hence what of psychoanalytical idea? Freud indicated feelings as an organic capacity, showed as anxieties starting inward wants ; Jung (1875-1961)â [9]â proposed a model self consideration framework; for Adler (1870-1937)â [10]â self protection was socially situated in the drive for progress; existentialists, for example, Heidegger (1972)â [11]â and Kierkegaard (1960)â [12]â propose feelings as presentation of the danger of non-being; Ekmanâ [13]â Davidsonâ [14]â (1994) the development al power that empowers us to adjust to our life errands and Hillman (1972),â [15]â emotions as images illustrative of the comprehensive example of the spirit (Freshwater Robertson 2002). Is a people awareness and interior world consequently fundamentally misshaped to keep away from tension? Inside the psychodynamic domain, it appears people are not balanced truth-searchers, endeavoring to precisely decipher the world, however cautious creatures who mutilate reality in the shirking of mental agony. Inside the intuitive nuances of the individual and social condition, two zones of thought happen in light of upset passionate strength; the relationship with supported, negative natural powers and the effect of unexpected injury. Enthusiastic flexibility One of the most significant wellsprings of nervousness is evoked through dread of lost character or fracture and loss of self. Oneself advances from birth as feelings create from pre-verbal encounters, a significant number of which are resembled with another individual; the mother or essential guardian. Through the improvement of passionate strength the essential effect of connections as familial and social communications are disguised, not exclusively to frame enthusiastic layouts, yet additionally the crude material of oneself. Strength of oneself advances if relations are steady; if not people will battle to make a safe inward form of reality that empowers a

Lab 5 Cellular Respiration

Lab 5Cellular Respiration Introduction: Cellular breath is an ATP-creating catabolic procedure in which a definitive electron acceptor is an inorganic atom, for example, oxygen. It is the arrival of vitality from natural mixes by metabolic substance oxidation in the mitochondria inside every cell. Starches, proteins, and fats would all be able to be used as fuel, however cell breath is regularly depicted as the oxidation of glucose, as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + 686 kilocalories of vitality/mole of glucose oxidized Cellular breath includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that happens in the cytosol and in part oxidizes glucose into twopyruvate (3-C). The Krebs cycle is likewise a catabolic pathway that happens in the mitochondrial framework and finishes glucose oxidation by separating apyruvate subsidiary (Acetyl-CoA) into carbon dioxide. These two cycles both produce a limited quantity of ATP by substrate -level phosphorylation and NADH by moving electrons from substrate to NAD+ (Krebs cycle additionally creates FADH2 by moving electrons to FAD).The electron transport chain is situated at the inward film of the mitochondrion, acknowledges empowered electrons from diminished coenzymes that are collected during glycolysis and Krebs cycle, and couples this exergonic slide of electrons to ATP combination or oxidative phosphorylation. This procedure produces 90% of the ATP. Cells react to changing metabolic needs by controlling response rates. Anabolic pathways are turned off when their items are in sufficient gracefully. The most well-known instrument of control is input inhibition.Catabolic pathways, for example, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, are constrained by controlling catalyst action at vital focuses. A key control purpose of catabolism is the third step of glycolysis, which is catalyzed by an allosteric compound, phosphofructokinase. The proportion of ATP to ADP and AMP mirrors the vitality status of the cell, and phosphofructokinase is delicate to changes in this proportion. Citrate and ATP are allosteric inhibitors of phosphofructokinase, so when their fixation rise, the compound eases back glycolysis.As the pace of glycolysis eases back, the Krebs cycle additionally eases back since the gracefully of Acetyl-CoA is decreased. This synchronizes the paces of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. ADP and AMP are allosteric activators for phosphofructokinase, so when their fixations comparative with ATP rise, the catalyst accelerates glycolysis, which velocities of the Krebs cycle. Cell breath is measure in three habits: the utilization of O2 (what number of moles of O2 are expended in cell breath? ), creation of CO2 (what number of moles of CO2 are delivered in cell breath? , and the arrival of vitality during cell breath. PV = nRT is the equation for the dormant gas law, where P is the weight of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the quantity of particles of gas, R is the gas consistent, and T is the temperature of the gas in degrees K. This law suggests a few significant things about gases. In the event that temperature and weight are kept steady, at that point the volume of the gas is straightforwardly corresponding to the quantity of particles of the gas. On the off chance that the temperature and volume stay consistent, at that point the weight of the gas changes in direct extent to the quantity of atoms of gas.If the quantity of gas particles and the temperature stay steady, at that point the weight is conversely corresponding to the volume. In the event that the temperature changes and the quantity of gas particles is kept steady, at that point either weight or volume or both will change in direct extent to the temperature. Theory: The respirometer with just developing peas will devour the biggest measure of oxygen and will change over the biggest measure of CO2 into K2CO3 than the respirometers with globules and dry peas and with dots alone.The temperature of the water showers legitimately impacts the pace of oxygen utilization by the substance in the respirometers (the higher the temperature, the higher the pace of utilization). Materials: The accompanying materials are vital for the lab: 2 thermometers, 2 shallow showers, faucet water, ice, paper towels, veiling tape, sprouting peas, non-developing (dry) peas, glass dabs, 100 mL graduated chamber, 6 vials, 6 elastic plugs, permeable and non-retentive cotton, KOH, a 5-mL pipette, silicon stick, paper, pencil, a clock, and 6 washers. Procedure:Prepare a room temperature and a 10oC water shower. Time to alter the temperature of each shower will be important. Add ice solid shapes to one shower until the ideal temperature of 10oC is gotten. Fill a 100 mL graduated chamber with 50 mL of water. Include 25 developing peas and decide the measure of water that is dislodged. Record this volume of the 25 growing peas, at that point evacuate the peas and spot them on a paper towel. They will be utilized for respirometer 1. Next, top off the graduated chamber with 50 mL of water and add 25 non-sprouting peas to it.Add glass dots to the graduated chamber until the volume is proportional to that of the extended developing peas. Evacuate the dots and peas and spot on a paper towel. They will be utilized in respirometer 2. Presently, top off the graduated chamber with 50 mL of water. Decide what number of glass dabs would be required to accomplish a volume that is identical to that of the developing peas. Evacuate the globules. They will be utilized in respirometer 3. At that point rehash the methodology utilized above to set up a second arrangement of sprouting peas, dry peas and dabs, and globules to be utilized in respirometers 4,5,and 6.Assemble the six respirometers by acquiring 6 vials, each with a joined plug and pipette. At that point place a little wad of permeable cotton in the base of every vial and, utilizing the pipette or syringe, s oak the cotton with 15 % KOH. Be certain not to get the KOH on the sides of the respirometer. At that point place a little wad of non-retentive cotton on the KOH-doused spongy cotton. Rehash these means to make the other five respirometers. It is critical to use about a similar measure of cotton and KOH in every vial. Next, place the principal set of growing peas, dry peas and dots and dots alone in vials 1,2, and 3.Place the second arrangement of developing peas, dry peas and globules, and glass dots in vials 4,5, and 6. Supplement the plugs in every vial with the best possible pipette. Spot a washer on every one of the pipettes to be utilized as a weight. Make a sling utilizing covering tape and connect it to each side of the water showers to hold the pipettes out of the water during the equilibration time of 10 minutes. Vials 1,2, and 3 ought to be in the shower containing water at room temperature. Vials 4, 5, and 6 ought to be in the shower containing water that is 10oC. After the equilibration time frame, submerge every one of the six respirometers into the water completely.Water will enter the pipette for a short separation and stop. On the off chance that the water doesn't stop, there is a break. Ensure the pipettes are confronting a heading from where you can understand them. The vials ought not be moved during the investigation and your hands ought not be set in the water during the trial. Permit the respirometers to equilibrate for three additional minutes and afterward record the underlying water perusing in every pipette at time 0. Check the temperature in the two showers and record the information. At regular intervals for 20 minutes take readings of the water’s position in every pipette, and record.Results: In this movement, you are examining both the impacts of germination versus non-germination and warm temperature versus cold temperature on breath rate. Recognize the speculation being tried on this movement. The pace of cell breath is higher in the growing peas in cold than in the dabs or non-sprouting peas; the cooler temperature neglected water showers eases back the procedure of cell breath in the both developing and non-growing peas. This action utilizes various controls. Distinguish in any event three of the controls, and portray the reason for each.The consistent temperature in the water showers yielding stable readings, the unvarying volume of KOH from vial to vial prompting equivalent measures of carbon dioxide utilization, indistinguishable equilibration periods for all the respirometers, exact time interims among estimations, and glass dots going about as a control for barometric weight all filled in as controls. Portray and clarify the connection between the measure of oxygen devoured and time. There was a consistent, continuous slope in the measure of oxygen devoured over exact section of time.Why is it important to address the readings from the peas with the readings from the dabs? The globules fille d in as a control variable, along these lines, the dabs encountered no adjustment in gas volume. Clarify the impacts of germination (versus non-germination) on pea seed breath. The developing seeds have a higher metabolic rate and required more oxygen for development and endurance. The non-sprouting peas, however alive, expected to devour far less oxygen for proceeded with means. Above is an example diagram of potential information acquired for oxygen utilization by growing peas up to about 8oC. Attract anticipated outcomes through 45oC.Explain your forecast. When the temperature arrived at a specific point, the chemicals vital for cell breath denatured and germination (and a lot of oxygen utilization) was repressed. What is the reason for KOH in this investigation? The KOH drops ingested the carbon dioxide and made it hasten at the base of the vial and not, at this point ready to impact the readings. For what reason did the vial need to be totally fixed under the plug? The plug at the highest point of the vial must be totally fixed so no gas could spill out of the vial and no water would be permitted into the vial.If you utilized the equivalent test configuration to look at the paces of breath of a 35g well evolved creature at 10oC, what results would you anticipate? Clarify your thinking. Breath would be higher in the warm blooded animal si

The Hundreds of Reasons to Join the Illinois Family

The Hundreds of Reasons to Join the Illinois Family Its hard to believe that May 1 is approaching so quicklyâ€"which means so is the deadline to accept your Illinois offer of admission! If youre looking for a reason or two or 200 to choose Illinois, youve come to the right place! In fact, we currently have a running list of 221. Although I highly recommend looking through all 221 reasons, Ive included just a few of my top ones below: The Campus Community Illinois is currently ranked the #2 college town in America! We have a phenomenal bus system that will take you anywhere you need to go, whether that be on or off campus. We were recently named the Best Midwest Food Town, and for good reason! I would highly recommend stopping by either Huaraches or Black Dog BBQ if youre on campus. While youre out, I also suggest checking out some live music at Cowboy Monkey and the Iron Post. Were also centrally located between Chicago, St. Louis, and Indianapolis. This makes it easy to go home on the weekend or go on an adventure and explore a new city. The Opportunities With a surplus of study abroad programs numbering over 300, youre guaranteed to find a program thats a great fit for you! With all of these possibilities, over 25% of students participate in study abroad while theyre at Illinois. Illinois has more than 1000 Registered Student Organizations on campus, including philanthropic, athletic, political, cultural, and social groups to join. Youll have the opportunity to join as many of these organizations as youd like the Sunday before classes begin on Quad Day. Additionally, 68% of our undergraduate students participate in research. Research is being performed in all fields of study, and youll have the ability to get involved in these projects as early as your first year on campus. The Traditions Illinois is now officially over 150 years old, meaning it has an abundance of history. Just one of these rich pieces of history is the Marching Illini, the nations premier college marching band. Youll find plenty of ways to enjoy traditions on campus. You can cheer on the basketball team with Orange Krush or the football team with Block I, or just take in all the orange and blue during homecoming. We also have one of the largest alumni networks of its kind! Life After Graduation While enjoying your time and getting to know the great community at Illinois is almost guaranteed, its critical to think beyond graduation. No matter if you decide to start your career immediately or choose to pursue an advanced degree, resources such as the Career Center will prepare you well. We host many career fairs, where 76 Fortune 100 companies recruit Illinois students. As a matter of fact, 89% of Illini are employed or continuing their education within 6 months of graduation. To top it all off, we have the #1 return on investment in the Big Ten! Ive rattled off just a few reasons to choose Illinois, and those are just my personal favorites. You can check out the full list on our website and pick your own favorites! Evan Admissions Counselor I graduated from the University of Illinois with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology with minors in both Communications and Business. I come from Aurora, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago and one of the largest cities within the state.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique Article - 1972 Words

PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) Category: Planning/ Monitoring - Control ABSTRACT Program (Project) Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)(G) is a project management tool used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project. It is basically a method to analyze the tasks involved in completing a given project, especially the time needed to complete each task, and to identify the minimum time needed to complete the total project. PERT planning involves the following steps: ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® Identify the specific activities and milestones. Determine the proper sequence of the activities. Construct a network diagram. Estimate the time required for each activity. Determine the critical path. Update the PERT chart†¦show more content†¦Determine the critical path. The critical path is determined by adding the times for the activities in each sequence and determining the longest path in the project. The critical path determines the total calendar time required for the project. If activities outside the critical path speed up oe slow down (within limits), the total project time does not change. The amount of time that a non – critical path activity can be delayed without the project is referred to as a slack time. If the critical path is not immediately obvious, it may be helpful to determine the following four quantities foe each activity: ES – Earliest Start time EF - Earliest Finish time LS – Latest Start time LF - Latest Finish time These time s are calculated using the expected time for the relevant activities. The earliest start and finish times of each activity are determined by working forward through the network and determining the earliest time at which an activity can start and finish considering its predecessors activities. The latest start and finish times are the latest times that an activity can start and finish without delaying the project. LS and LF are found by working backward through the network. The difference in the latest and earliest finish of each activity is that activity’s slack. The critical path then is the path through the network in which none of the activities have slack. The variance in the project completion time can be calculated byShow MoreRelatedThe Systems Development Life Cycle Paper916 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement tools you can determined which tools and requirement that will be needed for the project. Project management has many tools available to help with managing project s. The two that are talked about in the chapter are these; Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Gantt charts, they help managers schedule and monitor the activities involved in large projects, such as implementation of a large-scale information system. 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Overconsumption in America Essay - 1063 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; According to our reader, quot;there seems to be an inverse relationship between GDP and the quality of life. The more GDP grows, the more the quality of life deteriorates. This made me think about how much Americans waste food and natural resources. For example, FOX had a show, where people tried to out eat each other. The glutton and wastefulness was appalling, and at the same time, entertaining to some. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Theres an epidemic sweeping the country. Its not your typical virus, but rather a /highly contagious disease of epidemic overconsumption, and the symptoms include compulsive shopping, high debt, overwork, inability to delay gratification, a sense of entitlement,†¦show more content†¦Even that has changed. in class, the subject of SUVs has been discussed. Even if Americans have changed to more gas-efficient cars, this trend is changing. 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In Durning’s essay, Asking How Much Is Enough, he argues that it is not overpopulation that is depleting the earth’s resources, but overconsumption of the resources by the wealthy population. The arguments in Durning’s essay makes the reader realize that the way Hardin uses the metaphorical lifeboat to persuade his readers into thinking the same thing as he does and shows that Hardin wronglyRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Population Growth960 Words   |  4 PagesBeyond a doubt we urgently need to address the devastating global issue of population growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. Overpopulation is a huge problem in the United States of America, which is causing us to run out of natural resources. The human race is already too large and is destroying the natural systems that support us. ThereRead MoreFood Waste By Tristram Stuart1273 Words   |  6 PagesTristram Stuart, a famous English author and campaigner, once said, â€Å"We are wasting our land to grow food that no one eats.† In other words, the author means that we are growing food which is becoming a waste. This is the result of society’s overconsumption. In Karim Chronbog’s presentation â€Å"Food Waste†, he talks about how Americans are wasting so much food that their w aste can feed so many hungry people around the world. Chronbog reveals that forty percent of the food is not even eaten. He pointedRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Population Growth979 Words   |  4 PagesBeyond a doubt we urgently need to address the devastating global issue of population growth in the United States America before we destroy our planet. We are facing many devastating economic problems, such as pollution, global warming, education, but the most critical is overconsumption. Overpopulation is a huge problem in the United States of America, which is causing us to run out of natural resources. The human race is already too large and is destroying the natural systems that support us. ThereRead MoreEffects Of Population Growth Of India947 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurs at a steady rate, a rising population also causes deflation of a countrys currency and lowers costs of goods. From scouring the internet one can also find that overpopulation isn’t the biggest problem fa cing countries, when in fact it is overconsumption of resources. If a country produces many kids what will happen to them in the future? They will grow up and will help the economy by joining the workforce and becoming members of the working class. The opposite happened in Japan, their populationRead MoreThe Effects Of Overpopulation On The Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdecreased by 30% within the last 50 years. Fresh water supply is a major problem within developing countries, specifically Africa, South America, and Asia. However, water supply issues can also be found in urban areas, like Beijing. This rapid use of fresh water is termed as overconsumption. Overconsumption is directly related to overpopulation. An example of the overconsumption of fresh water is corn; corn requires 5 million liters of water per hectare (Pimentel 2006:155-161). Water pollution is a critical

Plato’s Concept of the Ideals Free Essays

Plato’s concept of the ideals Plato believed that reality is more than what we sense around the world (e. g. taste, smell, hear, see and touch), he believed that behind these physical realities lies a perfect version of them in which he called Forms and that the greatest thing we can learn is to have knowledge and understanding of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s Concept of the Ideals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato’s theory means that what we can sense around us (for example a chair) is just a mere shadow of the perfect version which exists in the world of Forms. The perfect version of a chair is one in which for fills its purpose e. . to be comfortable and to be sat on. Plato believed that everything had a perfect Form, from objects such as pens and books to things such as beauty and justice. He believed that to experience the world of Forms we had to become perfect philosophers. Plato introduced the ‘Analogy of the cave’ to try and illustrate that human being live and only understand a realm of shadows. Within this explanation Plato used many objects as symbols or metaphors to describe the true meaning of forms, for example, the sun is seen as the Form of Good. Plato describes the world of Forms as ‘unchanging’ in the fact that everything that has yet to be invented in the world of senses already exists in the world of Forms as its perfect version. Plato also believes that that quality’s, such as truth, beauty and justice, all have a universal existence, a reality of their own and Plato believes that we have an innate knowledge of their true Forms. They act ad s cause, source, or necessary, a primary condition for the existence of secondary objects (such as chairs) and actions in the world. To what extent is it true to say that the Forms teach us nothing about the real world? How to cite Plato’s Concept of the Ideals, Essay examples

Should the Legal Drinking Age be Changed to 18

One of the hottest topics of debate in today’s world is the legal drinking age. The reason why this topic is much debated nowadays is because of the fact that many people are of the opinion that a person is grown up at the age of 18 and has a clear understanding of what is wrong or right at this age. Most people in the United States, do not regard the legal drinking age as the right one, in other words, they do not agree with it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Legal Drinking Age be Changed to 18? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many citizens strongly argue that the legal age to buy, possess or purchase alcohol drinks should be 18 years rather than 21. Taking into consideration that the American citizens are allowed to vote at the age of 18 years, this seems to be quite a valid point of argument, however, drinking age is not changed to 18 years as teenagers are considered not to be capable of g etting over alcohol at such tender age. The current age limit is the correct age as a person is matured enough at the age of 21 and knows his/ her social responsibility.   Lowering the age to 18 years old would only bring about chaos in the life of a teenager as it is the age when they are careless and reckless. â€Å"The teenage brain is not just an adult brain with fewer miles on it,† says Frances E. Jensen, a professor of neurology. â€Å"It’s a paradoxical time of development. These are people with very sharp brains, but they’re not quite sure what to do with them† (Ruder par. 2). Legal drinking age should not be changed to 18 as teenagers still do not understand their mental hardwiring, thus it would only lead to much chaos in their lives which will result in more drinking problems as teenagers are more subjected to some of alcohol’s effects than the adults are. Teenagers neither understand nor have a complete control of their life. â€Å"T een brains, for example, are more susceptible than their adult counterparts to alcohol-induced toxicity. Jensen highlights an experiment in which rat brain cells were exposed to alcohol, which blocks certain synaptic activity. When the alcohol was washed out, the adult cells recovered while the adolescent cells remained â€Å"disabled.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Ruder par. 9). Teenagers are more prone to addiction than adults and if they are given the license to drink it would only result in numerous teenagers becoming alcoholics. Their brains are still not developed and they are more vulnerable to bad influences from the outside. Many people are of the opinion that lowering the age is desirable as we are just suppressing the young people and it makes alcohol more desirable for them as they are not allowed to drink it by the law.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, lowering th e age would not in any way be beneficial for them as it would rather increase their ability to obtain alcohol freely which in turn would produce countless teenage alcoholics. â€Å"The adolescent brain is still undergoing several maturational processes that render it more vulnerable to some of the effects of substances† (Tapert par. 4). Teenagers are not in a position to make right judgments. Human and animal studies, as Jensen and Urion note, have shown that â€Å"the brain grows and changes continually in young people—and that it is only about 80 percent developed in adolescents† (Ruder par. 5). Therefore, the legal age of drinking should be not lowered as it is irresponsible as well as immoral to hand over alcohol to teenagers who are mentally unstable at their age. Lowering the drinking age would only lead to chaos in teenagers’ lives which would also result in more drinking problems. â€Å"Adolescence is a time of transition, physically, socially, a nd emotionally. The adolescent brain is in transition as well† (Giedd et al. par. 2). Despite the fact that all vital functional and structural changes happen in the brain all through the childhood to adulthood, it is during the adolescent period that such changes mostly occur. (Alcohol and Adolescent Brain Development par. 2). Teenagers are easily influenced; they are not in that stage of life when judgments are correct and their acts are conscious. If the age is lowered, many teenagers would be trapped as they are more prone to addiction to alcohol than adults. It would, in its turn, impact the choices the teens make, which would often be wrong that will negatively influence their whole lives. Teenage years is the period when it is impossible to have a complete control of things as the brain formation has not been completed yet. If teenagers are addicted to something, it becomes very difficult for them to give up bad habits. â€Å"During adolescence, the brain undergoes a m ajor remodeling involving the formation of new connections between nerve cells, as well as the pruning of existing synaptic connections. These changes affect the processes involved in planning and decision making, impulse control, voluntary movement, memory, and speech production, among others† (Rubia et al. par. 3). Therefore, it is not right to treat teenagers as adults and give them the responsibilities those of adults.   It would also be highly irresponsible to give them the freedom to drink as 18 is not the right age to make mature decisions in life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Legal Drinking Age be Changed to 18? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Research also suggests that adolescents are less sensitive than adults to some of alcohol’s effects. For example, adolescent rats, on their first exposure to alcohol, are less susceptible than adult rats to alcohol’s seda tive effects, as well as its effects on balance and motor coordination† (Little et al. White et al.). Teenager’s brain is not fully developed which makes it more vulnerable to alcohol-induced toxicity than an adult’s brain. They should be protected from making the wrong choices in life so basically alcohol is definitely not the right thing to do. From the above discussion it is clear and evident that the legal drinking age should not be changed to 18. The legal drinking age should not be lowered as teenagers of 18 still do not understand their necessities; it would only lead to bigger chaos in their lives resulting in more drinking problems since teenagers are less stable and resistant to some of the alcohol’s effects. Works Cited Alcohol and Adolescent Brain Development. 2008. AddictionInfo.org. 2008. Web. Ruder, Debra Bradley. â€Å"The Teen Brainâ€Å". Harvard Magazine. 2008. Web. Tapert Trudeau, Michelle. â€Å"Teen Drinking May Cause Irreversibl e Brain Damageâ€Å". NPR. 2007. Web. This essay on Should the Legal Drinking Age be Changed to 18? was written and submitted by user Dexter Bennett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Differences Between Allopathic and Osteopathic Medicine

Differences Between Allopathic and Osteopathic Medicine There are two basic types of medical training: allopathic and osteopathic. The traditional medical degree, the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), requires training in allopathic medicine while osteopathic medical schools award the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. Students hoping to achieve either degree attend medical schools and receive substantial training (4 years, not including residency), and other than the osteopathic students ability to administer osteopathic medicine, there is no real marked difference between the two programs. Training The curricula of both schools are similar. State licensing agencies and most hospitals and residency programs recognize the degrees as equivalent. In other words, osteopathic doctors are legally and professionally equivalent to allopathic doctors. The important difference between the two types of schools of training is that osteopathic medical schools take a holistic perspective on the practice of medicine based on a belief in treating the whole patient (mind-body-spirit) and the primacy of the musculoskeletal system in human health and the utility of osteopathic manipulative treatment. D.O. recipients emphasize prevention, a historical distinction which is less relevant as all of the medicine increasingly emphasizes prevention. Biomedical and clinical sciences take the forefront of both degrees training programs, requiring students of both fields to complete relatively the same course load (anatomy, microbiology, pathology, etc), but the osteopathic student additionally takes courses focused on hands-on manual medicine, including an additional 300-500 hours of study in manipulating the musculoskeletal system, a practice referred to as osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM). Admissions and Enrollment There are fewer D.O. programs than M.D. programs in the United States with about 20% of medical students entering D.O. programs each year. As compared with traditional medical school, osteopathic medical schools have a reputation for looking at the applicant, not just his or her statistics, and therefore likely to admit nontraditional applicants who are older, non-science majors or seeking a second career. The average GPA and MCAT scores for incoming students are slightly lower in osteopathic programs, but the difference is rapidly falling. The average age of entering osteopathic students is about 26 years (versus allopathic medical schools 24). Both require an undergraduate degree and basic science coursework before applying. Practicing osteopathic physicians make up seven percent of the United States medical physicians with over 96,000 practicing currently in the country. With enrollment in D.O. programs increasing steadily since 2007, though, it is expected that these numbers will climb in the coming years and more private practices will open that focus on this field of medicine.   The Real Difference The main disadvantage of choosing osteopathic medicine is that that you may find yourself educating patients and colleagues about your degree and credentials (i.e., that a D.O. is the equivalent of an M.D.). Otherwise, both receive the same level of legal benefits and are fully accredited to practice in the United States. Essentially, if you are hoping to choose between the two fields of study, you really just need to evaluate whether or not you believe in a more holistic, hands-on approach to medicine or the more traditional route of becoming a Doctor of Medicine. Either way, though, youll be a physician after completing your medical school degree and residency programs.

What Does a Home Health Aide Do

What Does a Home Health Aide Do If you’re looking for a highly sought after, exceptionally stable job in the growing field of healthcare, you’ve come to the right place: home health aides are poised for remarkable success in the years ahead. Not sure whether a career as a home health aide is right for you? Read on to learn everything you need to know about this important job. The 411 on Home Health AidesHome health aides offer a variety of assistance to people with special needs, including those who are cognitively impaired, chronically ill, or disabled. They also care for seniors in need of assistance. Depending on the particular job, the responsibilities of home health aides include everything from helping clients with personal hygiene tasks and checking vital signs to shopping, light housekeeping, and arranging for transportation. Home health aides also offer another vital service to the people for whom they care: companionship.Unlike personal care aides who may be directly employed by their client s, home health aides usually work for agencies. With specialized training, home health aides may also provide simple medical care, such as administering medication and working with ventilators, although these functions must be performed under the direct supervision of a registered nurse or other trained healthcare professional.Home health aides also play a vital role in the continuum of care. Not only do they track the condition and progress of their clients, but they are also tasked with reporting any changes to a client’s physical, mental or emotional state. This can help ensure that they receive the treatment they need as it arises.Why Become a Home Health Aide?With a projected growth rate of 48 percent between 2012 and 2022, home health aide positions offer unprecedented job security with a minimal investment of time and training. In fact, there are no formal education requirements to work in this field, although some employers - typically certified home health and hospi ce agencies - do require that employees undergo formal training and are certified by the National Association for Home Care Hospice.While you may not need a college degree, some other attributes are particularly important when it comes to working as a home health aide. These healthcare workers are detail oriented, skilled at time management, and have strong people skills. They should also be comfortable with performing physical tasks, as clients who are disabled may need to be lifted or turned.And while the current salary for a home health aide is relatively low at $20,820 a year, as demand continues to skyrocket due to the aging â€Å"Baby Boomer† population and their increasing preference for â€Å"aging in place,† so is the potential that salaries will rise in relationship to demand.Coming in behind industrial-organized psychologists (53 percent growth) and personal care aides (49 percent growth), home health aides claim the third spot on the U.S. Department of La bor’s list of the â€Å"10 Fastest Growing Jobs.† For many people, the combination of job security and the chance to make a difference in the lives of others adds up to a career that doesn’t just offer financial stability, but also professional fulfillment.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 73

Essay Example Throughout my time at Sadiq public school, I participated in all national Pakistani bilingual debates. I won an award for being the second best English debater nationally and later on I was elected as president of the debating society. After my school life in Pakistan, I came to England to pursue higher education. For my first year I studied at the University of Bedfordshire; I transferred to the University of Hull for my second year and completed my undergraduate study with a BA (Hons) in business and management. While I was studying, I have gained much work experience at a shipping company, Pakistan International Container Terminal. I received an internship and worked there over the summer ofth to August 17th 2011. In the summer of 2012, I did another internship, but this time at Premier Mercantile ServicesJune 16th to Aug 18th.. This internship entailed business development and management. During my university life in Britain, I have represented my university for squash in competi ng with other universities and also acted as the president of the squash society. university for squash competition, competing with other universities. The reason I chose to study MSC Management and Entrepreneurship was to understand strategic marketing management and entrepreneurship. I also studied global entrepreneurship. The reason why I wanted to study this course was because I have connections with many family businesses back in Pakistan that are related to shipping, logistics, and agriculture. For the future, I am looking to expand my family’s logistic company to Dubai. In terms of the agricultural business, I am looking at selling organic milk in Pakistan. Also, I want to manufacture cheese and export to countries in Europe and in the Gulf. My family businesses are currently supplying cow meat to Gulf countries, but I am looking to export on a larger

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Case Study Example For example, Gupta et al. (2009) gave example of intellectual capital in research & development division of pharmaceutical companies as the core competency which can not only be copied easily by competitors but also being developed over the course of long period. In such context, core competencies of Microsoft Corp can also be understood in context to core competency model proposed by Prahalad and Hamel (1990). According to the Microsoft case presented by Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012), from the foundation of the company in 1975, Microsoft Corp always strive for getting the â€Å"first mover† advantage by continuously innovating with product application and design. It is evident from the research works of Gupta and Dwivedi (2012) and Edgar and Lockwood (2012) that core competence is a customer driven approach and providing value to customers should be integrated with core competency models. Now, the question may arise that is it possible for all products of Microsoft Corp to have at least one core competency? For answering this question, study of the product portfolio performance of Microsoft Corp will be conducted. However, there is not much scope to do, the limitations being the lack of time and resource. To overcome such difficulties, the report will use case study of Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012) in order to understand key core competencies of Microsoft. Product portfolio of Microsoft Corp can be segregated into seven segments such as Windows, Business Solutions, Xbox Game Console and Entertainment, Developer Tools, MSN, web browser and Servers, mobile solutions (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). For example, Windows and windows live segment accompanies by Windows Operating System (OS), Internet Explorer etc are highest revenue earner for the company. On the other hand, business division segments of Microsoft accompanied by Dynamics ERP, Microsoft Office, CRM, Office Web etc are second largest revenue earner for the company (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). Interesting fact is that, Microsoft has acquired more than 80% of market share in the field of operating system and business division which show that the company has successfully integrated its technological core competencies in order to achieve market leadership. Microsoft is even performing well in the field of Entertainment & Gaming Solution with the help of its product portfolios like Xbox, Zune digital music platform, Windows phone and successfully defending its market share (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). However, same cannot be said for online service division of Microsoft such as Bing search engines which has incurred consecutive operational profit loss due to unequal revenue distribution right agreement with Yahoo. Drejer (2002) and Clulow, Gerstman and Barry (2003) stated that core competencies can be achieved by deploying internal resources such strong intellectual capital, financial resources, technological capabilities, efficient human resourc e, marketing expertise, strong supplier relationship etc. In such context, Prahalad and Hamel (1990) stated that core competence gets enhanced with the use and sharing while other capabilities might get reduced with extensive use. Microsoft is still struggling to compete with Smartphone and technology companies like Samsung, Apple and existing competency of Microsoft is not helping them

Health and safety

Health and safety 1.0 Introduction Health and Safety is a prime concern in every field. John Bartlett says that â€Å"Appreciating the general concept of the need for good health and safety is very different from understanding how the specifics apply to the dynamic of a particular workspace†, Workplace laws Safety and Health Practitioner.† Health and Safety is the prime importance to every Air Freight Services, who will seek to conduct its business in such a way as to avoid harm to its employees and all others who may be affected directly or indirectly by its activities. Every Air Freight Service have a separate department for Health and Safety and in some big Air Freight Services research on Health and Safety is done once in year to ensure that all the employees are happy from the point of Health and Safety or not even customs inspect the every Air Freight Service once or twice in a year. This project is all about the Health and Safety management system. Main aim of this research is to help the employees to work safely and avoid accidents by finding main issues of Health and Safety occurred in Air Freight Services and solutions to remove those issues. Responsibilities of management and employees toward Health and Safety in Air freight Services should also be investigated in this research. Main aim of this research is to improve the health and safety in airfreight services by improving the Management system of health and safety and as researcher working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services (SFS), so I choose this organisation for my research. This organisation is ready to help me in my research. As we know no one becomes perfect but at least we can try to become perfect. There is lot of issues in every air freight services and everyone wants to resolve these issues. To resolve the big issue it will require lot of investment. But at least we can resolve the small issues because small issues sometime give birth to big issues. In this research I am trying to find all the small and big issues and put forward to company directors just as recommendations. In Scanwell Freight services there are lots of small issues which are ignored and can solve very easily by just understanding and cooperating with each other. Some issues are big which require wealth of company but as the manager of company Mr Naresh Nandani gives me permission for this research to find out all the issues regarding Health and Safety in company. It will help the company to become perfect in Health and Safety. For Health and Safety everyone wants to be perfect because the safety of employee is the prime concern of every company. This research will help an Air Freight Services to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. Every person on this earth work only to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies in accident while working then its a big shame on a company who take the work from the employees but not considered their safety while working. So this research will help Air Freight Services and employees of Air Freight Services to take care of health and safety precautions while working. This research also helps me to get the experience and also create my good image in front of managers and directors of the company. The issues which are considered in this research are small and big issues. Small issues can be removed by just understanding and cooperation but big issue requires time and wealth of company. It all depends on the management of Scanwell, how they react for these issues. Directors have the responsibility for the health and safety in every organisation. 1.1 Background of Research The Management system is based on nationally and internationally agreed principles, defined and developed to provide the necessary strength, flexibility and appropriate foundation for the development of a sustainable health and safety culture throughout the all air freight services. The practical recommendations of the procedures and arrangements with in this research can be used by all those who have a responsibility for managing Health and Safety activities in Air Freight Services. The outcome of this research can be used by Air Freight services as a practical tool to achieving continual improvement of health and safety performance. While working as a warehouse operator in S.F.S researcher found lots of small and big issues of health and safety which can be easily removed by just co-operating and understating between employees and management. Researcher wants to avoid the accidents to him and other workers thats why this research is conducted with the help of employees, management and managers permission. 1.2 Importance and Motivation of the Study Every person on this earth work only to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies by accident while working then its a big problem of a company who take the work from the employees but not considered their safety while working. Topic of research or motivation of research always comes from authors desires. As researcher already mentioned that he is working as a ware house operator in Scanwell Freight Services, so while working researcher found lots of issues regarding Health and Safety then researcher discuss some issues with my managers and operational managers as well of organisation and ask them that researcher want to do research on health and safety information for this organisation and they motivate researcher by saying a very good words â€Å"We appreciate your idea and we are with you† and by finding the issues and solutions for the issues researcher can help my workmates too. Importance of this research is that this research is not only for S.F.S every organisation can take advantage from this research because Health and Safety is a major issue in every organisation. 1.3 Objectives To identify and investigate the issues which create/ increase the risk of Health and Safety while working in Air freight Services. To find out the solutions for issues of Health and Safety comes while working in Air Freight Service. To critically analyse the factors of health and safety which reduce the risk of accidents while working? 1.4 Research Question/Hypothesis More employees and managements responsibility towards Health and Safety in Air freight services reduce the risk factor in health and safety in the organisation. Good employee training and induction programmes to reduce the risk factor of Health and safety in the organisation. Contingent planning and its managements help to reduce the risk factor of Health and Safety in the organisation 1.5 Research Questions What are the issues of risks of health and safety which come while working in air freight services? What are the factors which reduce the risk of health and safety while working in air freight services? What are recommended strategy of the identified issues which reduce the risk factors while working in air freight services? 1.6 Scope of the project Every freight services want to improve the health and safety within the organisation. As I am doing this research on Scanwell Freight Services, it will help our organisation to become perfect in Health and Safety. Scope of this research is very wide. This research will help an Air Freight Services to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. This research also can be used by other organisations to maintain the Health and Safety in organisations. When customs investigate the organisation we can show them the new research and removed issues regarding Health and Safety. This thing also improves the organisation image in market and everyone wants to work with this organisation because of name in market and name in customs regarding Health and Safety. This research also shows the ways of improving management responsibilities regarding Health and Safety and channels of communication with employees. 1.7 The outcomes of this project are Provide the knowledge about safety while working in Air Freight Services. Get the knowledge how to improve the safety while working under pressure and deadline. Provide the information of responsibilities of employees and management towards Health and Safety. There are following techniques researcher identify from academic literature and will be able to develop research methodology for this project. 1.8 Research approach Qualitative research approach will be use for this research based upon face to face interview with close ended and open ended questions with employees and management. From literature and discussion on various traditions and approaches to good research, there are 4 strategies considered (Denzin and Lincoln, 1994; Johannessen, 1992). Theoretical Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Participatory Research 1.9 Research philosophy (Positivism and phenomenology) Easterby- Smith (1999) says that there are three main reasons why this whole mental exercise regarding the research philosophy you should follow in your research is important: It can help you to choose the methods that you will use. Knowledge of research philosophy will enable and assist you to evaluate different research methods and avoid inappropriate use and unnecessary work by identifying the limitation of particular approaches at an early stage of your study. It may help you to be creative and innovative by either choosing or adapting research methods that are, as yet, outside your experience. In this research positivism and phenomenology philosophy will use. Positivism promotes a more objective interpretation of reality, using hard data from surveys and experiments, while phenomenology is concerned with methods that examine people and their social behaviour (Gill and Johnson, 1997). 1.10 Research method (Qualitative and Quantitative) In this research the Qualitative and Quantitative methods will use but the main method used is qualitative. In Quantitative research data can collect from case studies, other researches, internet, pie charts, ghant charts and books etc. Means old data on the other hand qualitative method contains data collected from face to face interviews, telephonic interviews, questioners etc. Means new data (Best and Khan, 1989: 89-90). In this research qualitative approach will use because every freight services have different types of issues and all these issues occurred while working, so only employees and management can find the issues. For collection of data and to find issues of health and safety face to face interviews requires with employees and management which shows that the approach should be qualitative. Qualitative research requires time and money. 1.11 Research strategy Research strategy refers to the general approaches and goals of a research study. The selection of research strategy is usually determined by the kind of question you plan to address and kind of answer you hope to obtain- in general terms, what you hope to accomplish. Research strategy use in this research is descriptive research strategy. Descriptive strategy means intended to answer question about the current state of individual variables for a specific group of individuals (Authors Frederick J. Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano, 2008) e.g. this research is made on health and safety of Scanwell freight services and on every single field which require health and safety. 1.12 Primary and secondary data (Qualitative and Qualitative) In this research Primary and Secondary both research will be done but according to need. Firstly research starts with secondary and then primary will be done like by interviews employees and management. 1.13 Sampling Random and systematic sampling will use in this research. First employees are selected randomly from different fields and interview will be done and the identified issues put in the system according to the priority. 1.14 Data Collection Qualitative and Quantitative data both methods of data collection will use for this research like face to face interview with close ended and open ended questions with employees or other relevant respondents like managers, experts of health and safety. Direct face to face or telephonic interview will be done to collect the information from management and employees by using video phone in this way researcher will be able to identify the respondent is the right person and the same person which has been chosen as it is the ethics of research and through this researcher will be able to develop the validity and reliability of the research.. 1.15 Data recording Complete moral thought will be done. All the data will record very safely to avoid leakage. To record data Microsoft office tools will be used. Evidence of data also will be saved and Harvard reference method will be used. 1.16 Target groups For this research Scanwell Freight Service UK is taken as an example and research will be done on Scanwell Freight Service UK .Health and Safety of employees while working inside Scanwell Freight Service UK will be studied and analyzed. Main target is employees of Scanwell Freight Service UK. 1.17 Resources used for the research analysis As I am working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services UK, so main resource will be Scanwell Freight Services Shambu House Amberley Way, Hounslow TW4 6BH Main aim of this research is to improve the health and safety in airfreight services by improving the Management system of health and safety and as researcher working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services (SFS), so I choose this organisation for my research. This organisation is ready to help me in my research. 1.18 Research Limitation From my point of view there is no limitation of this research but the issues which I am considering in this research are big issues which require a wealth of the company. But to remove all the small issues of this company it requires no wealth just require the understanding and cooperation of all the employees. If company wants to remove the big issues it also require long time because I am considering some construction issues too in this research. So for construction it requires a time. These issues cannot solve by understating it requires wealth and time. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Literature review is a secondary data. For this research all the secondary data comes from internet and mentor health and safety services which contain all the safety information and responsibilities of management regarding health and safety. In freight services its compulsory for everyone who works with the organisation should know all the information about Health and Safety. This literature review considers all the safety information which is necessary to knows by everyone. Literature review is an examination of scholarly information and research based information on a specific topic. In other words its a review of whats known, not suspected or assumed, about a specific subject. Its goal is to create a complete, accurate representation of the knowledge and research based theory available on a topic. An integral part of a research process, then, is gaining an understanding what is and isnt known about the reality of a situation, event, or circumstances. One simple explanation for the need to work toward that understanding is this: if people dont know reality, then how can they develop a research study or a plan to address a problem or concern with any effectiveness? An understanding of reality is essential to avoid creating a plan that addresses fiction rather than reality. So, researchers, regardless of academic level or professional position, use appropriate quality literature to accomplish the goals. If it is applied review, it will to survey known information about a topic and help identify information that is not yet known so the best decision for action or for further examination of a situation can be made. In other words, filling a gap in the literature isnt the main goal. The main goal is to understand the missing and existing knowledge. The question or questions used sho uld guide that kind of applied knowledge acquisition. If its a simple review, the question will be more general, as will the survey of literature conducted. The question will be one that dedicates an overview of the information provided in numerous sources on the topic being considered. It will also be one that lays groundwork for future research of greater depth. In other word, it will provide insight into areas that will each be reviewable in greater depth in future research. 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Management Responsibilities towards Health and Safety The main responsibility regarding safety and health is always at the highest level of system which is the Director of the organisation, but still the duty is divided into all the levels according to the needs and control. These Responsibilities also includes: The legislative body should ensure that the research on Health and Safety will be held at least 2 times in a year. This research will maintain the Health and Safety in the organisation and also employees get the chance to talk about their issues and recommendation. It also increases the faith of employees and customs that inspect the freight services regarding health and safety. The legislative body of all the workers should ensure that the system for the health and safety must and also maintained regularly according to needs of the health and safety principles. Table for the system should be prepared and always on the notice board which will help the workers to go for complaints and also helps new workers to maintains health and safety needs. Principles should be developed and communicated all over the organisation. If the system needs improvements or any changes take place it should be communicated all over the management. All the resources which requires for the daily needs for workers always available in organisation, so management have to take care of that. These resources can be safety jackets, safety gloves, safety shoes and safety signs etc. Duties of the workers should be clearly explained and make sure that no changes take place in duties unless it will discussed with the top level employees e.g. Fork lift drivers only drives fork lift no others have access to drive the fork lift without permissions from the floor managers. Training and education will be given to new appointed staff before starts work; it will reduce the chances of accident. Employee Responsibilities towards Health and Safety Employees responsibilities towards health and safety should be must because the duties are given according to experience and qualifications. They have to do their job only because work in air freight services is very dangerous, only thats why everybody have their own duties e.g. one person whose duty is only off loading the PMCS and BINS from the lorries only do the offloading because one wrong step can take the life away. Forklift connects to the Lories and rollers are picked up PMC which is appx 3 to 4 ton heavy comes with a high speed towards fork lift. If inexperienced person sitting on forklift, forklift shakes with the weight and PMC fall downs. It may give birth to a huge accident which can easily take the life away of the person who picks the roller up and forklift driver too. All the duties should be under section 7 and 8 of the health and safety at work. In Scanwell freight services all the employees have different duties there are 5 drivers, 2 forklift drivers drives only inside building for handling pallets and raking the palletized vegetables, one off loader and 2 person for breaking the PMCS and BINS and floor manager makes the tickets and keep eye on every employee to make sure that all the health and safety precautions to be taken care or not. Others are office staff. One very good thing I like in this organisation is that the director physically comes every night to make sure that no body miss use their duties. He always says precaution and safety first. Employees should have to take care of the following steps: Take responsible care of their own health and safety and that of others who may be affected by their actions. Cooperate with management to meet the employers legal duties and work in accordance with company procedures. Not intentionally or recklessly interface with or misuse anything provided in the interest of health, safety or welfare and refrain from actions (or inactivity) which might endanger themselves, or others. Demonstrate their commitment to health and safety by their behaviour and cooperate in the investigation of accidents and incidents. Use all equipments safely, including that provided for their personal protection and report to management any defects in equipments or other danger at once, or as soon as it is safe to do so. Comply with all safety instructions or procedure and not undertaken any tasks that they are not trained for. 2.2.3 Health and Safety Organisation Chart Normally the system is same in all the air freight services but some time depends upon the size of the organisation. Scanwell Freight Services flow chart for Health and Safety System 2.2.4 Assignment of Individuals For effective arrangements of health and safety the duties of folks and tasks should be very visibly identifies. For policy making director should be delegated and day to day safety issues goes to a line manager or floor manager. Management can develop polices and give recommendation for issues comes in organisation but the last decision is of the directors of the company. If the issues are urgent and small then it can be easily solve on the basis of the mangers and assistance managers. Because managers have the right to spend specific amount of money on the organisation by own. Responsibilities should be divided into two categories General Specific General Responsibilities According to rules and policies the general responsibilities goes to Director Employees Director responsibilities are as follows: Director has to give first priority to safety issues to improve the health and safety or to remove the issues comes regarding health and safety in an organisation Director has to ensure that objectives outline of system of safety and health will be clear and practical by the person who controls it. Director has to ensure that the principles and policies of health and safety should be checked regularly and changed according to conditions. Director has to ensure that the policies and principles will reach to every person attached to company and also ensure that all the safety hazards will be known by all the employees. Director has to ensure that no resources and substance should be used without having proper hazards and controls. Employees responsibilities are as follows: Main responsibility of employees is to always take care of their own safety while working and the others who working with them. Help the system of health and safety by doing their duties in proper manner and according to the procedures of the company. Rash driving of forklifts should be avoided to avoid accidents because by rash driving of forklift somebody who working in warehouse can be injured and even driver of forklift also be injured if accident occur. Behaviour should be cool, anger should be controlled. Use of alcohol and smoking should be avoided inside the warehouse, alcohol may become cause of anger and smoking inside warehouse may become cause of fire. Employees should not take the job in hand for which they are not trained. Specific Responsibilities Specific responsibilities will be given to specific persons at specific levels like Director responsibilities is to be check and sign the principles and policies of health and safety. Operational mangers have to check whether all the resources required for work available or not. Floor managers have main duties regarding health and safety because employees are working on floor in front of floor managers. All individuals have to control their responsible areas. Health and Safety responsible employee have to check and control all the safety equipments and make sure that all the standards meant for Health and Safety controlled and maintained by employees and all the employees working according to tasks assigns. Action should taken Make sure that all the workers know about their tasks and agree to their household tasks. Strengthen the memo contained in the principles and rule by different activities. 2.2.5 Sign up Assistance for Health and Safety For assistance in Health and Safety there are lots of organisations and qualified peoples, they got the certificates for Health and Safety. So every organisation hires certified peoples for Health and Safety or tie ups with organisations work for Health and Safety services. These organisations assist freight services to maintaining the health and safety in organisations. Scanwell Freight services also sign up NewWest Mentor Services for consulting to take guidance and advice regarding Health and Safety. NetWest Mentor services are designed to take care of all the laws of Health and Safety in organisation. It includes premises, tools, machines, safety equipments and most important is employees safety while working. 2.2.6 Communication of Health and Safety Policies and principles within the organisation So frequently we hear of a breakdown in communication being the cause of Health and Safety incidents, some with devastating consequences. The sad fact is that often these situations could have been easily avoided by implementing simple procedure to improve communications between working parties. An incident at West Coast Traincare in 2004 illustrates only too well the devastating effect of poor communication and the price is paid. The situation arose when employee Mr Birch was replacing the brake pads underneath a set of carriages at deport in Oxley, Wolverhampton. Two colleagues also working on the train conducting brake tests on the attached locomotive. During the course of testing, one of them released the trains breaking system causing the train to move forward. Mr Birch right hand was subsequently crushed by one of the carriage wheels, causing injuries that resulted in the amputation of all his fingers and two knuckles. HSE Investigation inspector, Steve Turmer, commented at the time,†Very simple steps could have prevented this accident. The staff was not adequately protected and there is lack of communication between the various groups†. West Coast Traincare pleaded guilty to breaching section 2(1) of Health and Safety at work etc. Act 1974 in that it did n ot ensure the safety of persons in its employment or operate under the safe system of work for staff undertaking maintenance activities. The company was fined  £13,000 with cost of  £3500. Effective Health and Safety is not a just paper exercise and companies must refrain from a ‘tick box system of compliance. General communication and awareness exercise can help to ensure that the intentions laid out in Health and Safety policy and supporting procedure are implemented and adhered to. There is no legal requirement to communication in set fashion and it is down to the employee to choose the right method according to the need. However there are a certain pointers which will improve the impact of any chosen communication method. In other words of poet William Butler Yeats,†Think like a wise man but communicate in the language of the people†. This is echoed by workplace laws Health and Safety Consultants Bill Scholes who suggests, â€Å"Understanding your audience is the key to delivering the Health and Safety message and the key to identifying the right mode of communication.† John Bartlett says that â€Å"Appreciating the general concept of the need for good health and safety is very different from understanding how the specifics apply to the dynamic of a particular workspace†, Workplace laws Safety and Health Practitioner.† Therfore in order to communicate risk management effectively its got to be made relevant and pertinent to the industry†. The laws also needs to be interpreted sensible, Chris Streatfeild of Greenstreet Breman†The key principle in communicating health and safety is proportionality. It shouldnt go over the top so that were condemning every activity as unsafe. You need to conduct a risk assessment but what u need to do as a result of that needs to be proportionate to the risk identified† Diana Wright says that†within the communication message, employees need to remind that down to them as well†. It is essential to promote individual ownership so employees avoid the ‘its not my department altitude all the commonly found within the workplace. A very similar view point is taken by John Bartlett who reminds us, â€Å"It is important to engender a feeling of responsibility when communicating Health and Safety as this empower peoples. Its not about wrapping employees in cotton wool but giving people the information and confidence to make sensible decisions about how they work†. The main types of communication are formal (including health and safety meetings, trainings and newsletters) and informal (walkabouts, one to one unofficial chats and open forums); the HSE recommends a mix of both. The size and structure of an organization, diversification of roles and geographical location of employees will all have an effect on determining the best communication.

Breaking Unhealthy Habits through Continuous Realization, Planning, and Actualization Essay

The unhealthy habits of a person may differ from another in terms of its nature, quantity, and occurrence. In fact, it is common and quite predictable for an individual to develop at least one unhealthy habit (Van Dusen, 2008). Unhealthy habits may include common examples such as cigarette smoking, frequent and excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages, and overeating unhealthy food variants. As one can see from the examples, unhealthy habits are usually common practices of numerous individuals; thus, they are generally overlooked. However, there is a reason as to why such habits are termed as unhealthy. The reason for the term is that one’s personal health and welfare are compromised through the practice of such habits. Hence, keeping unhealthy habits are a considerable risk to an individual. Therefore, there is a need for individuals to take action and finally break unhealthy habits. The process of breaking unhealthy habits can be divided into three major segments which are realization, planning, and actualization. In terms of realization, an individual must assess the unhealthy habits that he or she currently practices and must understand the possible repercussions by continuing such negative practices. In fact, it has been determined that the problem as to why people rarely break free from unhealthy habits is that they do not realize the dangers associated with their actions (Van Dusen, 2008). If an individual will completely be able to understand the negative effects of his or her unhealthy habits, then questions regarding the reason why such habits should be or should not be continued will arise. For example, a male smoker may think that cigarette smoking is good since it helps in keeping the alertness of a person; on the other hand, he may also think about the detrimental effects that smoking has on the body such as increased risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. When the individual finally realizes that the negative aspects generally outweigh the positive ones, then the next segment of breaking unhealthy habits can be initiated. Planning pertains to the possible actions that one can make in order to move away from continuously doing an unhealthy habit. Using the male smoker again as an example, he may plan to eliminate all the cigarettes that he currently has and remove all related objects or signs as well. In addition, the smoker may also opt to consult experts in cases of nicotine addiction in order to gain further knowledge and potential solutions to his problem. The expert may provide medical solutions to such a problem by offering specific sets of drugs to help the body adjust to the condition of being nicotine free. In this sense, an individual with an unhealthy habit may plan to conduct actions that will prevent further occurrence of the habit itself by eliminating the root causes and associated objects or consulting with consulting experts or medical professionals when applicable. Hence, planning to break an unhealthy habit may be conducted personally or with the help of others. The last segment of the process pertains to actualization. This is quite self-explanatory since planning will be of no use if not followed. Therefore, a person that has assessed and planned what he or she must do in order to break an unhealthy habit must not only start out his or her plan but stick to it as well. Given this, an individual that initiates ways in order to remove the unhealthy habit but ends up quitting halfway will obviously be not successful in eliminating the unhealthy habit. Thus, one can only determine that a person has broken free of unhealthy habits if the person does not return to doing it for a long period of time. In this sense, breaking an unhealthy habit is not defined by being free of such unhealthy actions in the short period after the actualization of the plans. Keeping clean of unhealthy habits requires continuous conviction and belief that returning to the practice of unhealthy habits will only bring forth negative consequences. Therefore, breaking unhealthy habits and maintaining a state free of such habits is not easy, but through a continuous sense and understanding of the three segments discussed, it is highly probable that the individual will be successful in his or her pursuit.

The Becoming of Davids Serial Killings - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1099 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Serial Killer Essay Did you like this example? David was born on June 1, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York. He was giving up for adoption and was adopted by Jewish-American hardware store retailers named Nathan and Pearl Berkowitz when he was just days old. He went to school but he was always absent , because he was chubby , his classmates would tease him for that. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Becoming of Davids Serial Killings" essay for you Create order For kindergarten , he went to P.S. 77 and he was absent for 46 days of kindergarten and also in 4th grade, he was absent from school for 28 days and for junior high school , he went to P.S. 123. He also graduate from high school with a GPA of 3.3. He got hit by a car and suffered head injuries. Few months later, he ran into the wall and suffered head injuries again. On 1960, at the age of 7, his parents told David that he was adopted. At the age of 8, he got hit on the head with a pipe and received a 4 in. gash in the forehead and he also saw a girl die after being hit by a car. On 1963, at the age of 10, he saw another girl and his mom die instantly after being hit by a car. On 1963, he got bit by a dog and he also would get bullied by his classmates because he was chubby.On 1967, he saw a boy die from falling the side of the school bus. He was a loner at school and he said that he felt different and less attractive from the others. He was described by neighbors as assaultive to other kids. Berkowitz didnt really have friends, growing up because David didnt know how to react with other children due to the fact he didnt have no brothers or sisters. His teachers would describe him as a moody child and he can do a good job if he wanted to, he would easily get upset. At the age of 11, he claimed that monsters were bothering him and he slept with the lights on or with his parents which it annoyed and angered them. At the age of 12, he began to set hundreds of fires and he also said the monsters stopped bothering him just before his 13th birthday and then the monsters re-appeared at a later age. At 13 year old, he begins to kill and torture animals, he killed his mothers parakeet named Pudgy by giving it small doses of cleaning fluid for 3 weeks and he also killed thousands of bugs by burning and gluing them with rubber cement. At 17, he engaged in a petty vandalism, breaking car windows, setting fires and also started to torture animals. When he was in the army, he started to set fires again and was responsible for starting over 1,411 fires which he kept a detailed journal of them. After he was discharge of the army, he once again begins to set a series of fires in New York. He sets more fires at 22 and he got hired as a security guard at JFK airport, he claimed to hear voices from the dogs that accompanied him during his shifts. On December 23, he set the last 1,488 fires and he kept a log of the fires he set in 3 notebooks. As a young child, he was never diagnosed with a mental disorder but after his arrest he was diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenic. On October 23,1976 , at 2:30 am, he fired 5 shots into a parked car, wounding Rosemary keenan and Carl Denaro but Carl underwent major head surgery and survived the surgery. On Christmas Eve 1975,he started his killing rampage and attempted to kill 2 young women with a knife, his first victim was unidentified but she wasnt seriously hurt and was able to fight back. His second victim was Michelle Forman and he attacked her as she was crossing a bridge and she survived the attack. On July 29, 1976, at 1am, he fired 5 shots into a parked car, killing 18 year old Donna Lauria with a shot to the neck and 19 year old Jody Valenti was shot in the hip and she survived. On November 27, 1976 , he shot Donna Demasi and Joanne Lamino while pretending that he needed directions, both of them survived but Joanna was paralyzed from the waist down and her spine shattered when the bullet hit it. On January 30,1977, he shot John Deil and Christine Freund she dies after being shot in the head at the hospital and John survived and ran for help.On July 29, 1976, he killed 2 teenage girls, named Jody Valenti and Donna Lauria in the Bronx, he shot them while they were in Valentis car in front of Laurias house, he killed Lauria and injured Valenti.. On March 8,1977, David shot Virginia Voskerichian in the face as she was returning home from her classes, she died instantly. His serial killing lasted until 1977. He would kill his victims with the same gun a .44-caliber and after several killings he started leaving numerous letters near his victims bodies, taunting the police , the first letter he wrote , it was addressed to NYPD Captain Joseph Borrelli, in the letter, he called himself Son of Sam for the very first time. He would kill attractive young women with long brown hair. He got caught on August 10, 1977. He got caught by a witness that saw a man getting away in a car tha t had a parking ticket on it, a handful of parking tickets were given out but one of them was given to David. That same day, authorities arrested him and when the police took him into custody, he said , Well, youve got me. Hes still alive and hes being held at Attica Correctional Facility, an Upstate New York supermax prison.During his questioning, David told the officer that he had been commanded to do all those murders by his neighbor Sam Carr, who was sending messages to him through Carrs dog, a demon-possessed Labrador retriever. Because of Davids outrageous claims, he underwent numerous psychological evaluations, but it was declared, he was competent to stand trial. In his trial, he pled guilty to the six killings, also the nearly 1,500 fires he had set in and around New York and he was sentence to 25 years to life for each of the murder. His sentencing hearing was dramatic because he tried jumping out of the window in the seventh floor courtroom when he heard the judges decision. I feel like the reason why he became a serial killer was because he didnt grew up with his biological parents and he didnt have the love of them, his adoptive mom would hit him just because he would come home with sand i n his head and he was bullied at school for being chubby.